Windows freezes when gpus at top slot and not the bottom after driver installation.

Troubleshooting System Freeze Issues When GPUs Are Installed in the Top PCIe Slot on Lenovo ThinkCentre M83

Introduction

Many users encounter unexpected system stability issues when configuring their hardware, especially involving graphics card installation. A common scenario involves a Windows-based PC freezing during operation when a dedicated GPU is installed in the top PCIe slot, but functioning normally when positioned in the bottom slot. This article explores a case study involving such a setup and offers insights into potential causes and solutions.

System Specifications

The system in question features the following components:

Processor: Intel Pentium G3420
Memory: 12GB DDR3 RAM
Storage: 500GB HDD at 7200 RPM
Graphics Card: NVIDIA GTX 1050 2GB (OEM Dell, 75W Power)
Motherboard and Chassis: Lenovo ThinkCentre M83 Small Form Factor
Power Supply: 450W aftermarket PSU
Graphics Card Slots:
Lower Slot: PCIe x16 (wired as PCIe x4)
Top Slot: PCIe x16 (full x16 coverage)

Problem Overview

The primary issue manifests as Windows freezing or becoming unresponsive when the GTX 1050 is installed in the top PCIe x16 slot. Conversely, placing the GPU in the lower PCIe x16 (x4) slot results in stable operation. The problem seems related to the graphics card’s position within the motherboard’s PCIe slots, possibly linked to power delivery, BIOS configuration, or compatibility factors.

Potential Causes and Diagnoses

Power Delivery Constraints

Although the GPU is an OEM Dell model designed to operate at a 75W TDP, the system’s power supply and motherboard must adequately support the card. The 450W aftermarket PSU may be marginal if other components draw significant power or if the PSU lacks necessary connectors or stability.

BIOS Configuration and Compatibility

Motherboard BIOS settings can influence PCIe slot behavior. Features like “PCIe Slot Configuration,” “Primary Display,” or “PCIe Link Speed” may require adjustment. An outdated BIOS version could also cause compatibility issues.